This proposal gathers Principal investigators from Institutions across France that use cryoEM to unravel the molecular mechanisms associated with different fundamental biological processes. Scientists belong to 10 centres that currently use CM01 for cryoEM. All the PIs in this application were part of the previous BAG MX2441, with one new member who has previously submitted samples to CM01 via rolling access. For this reason, and due to more regular use of microscope time from current users we have asked for a moderate increase in the number of shifts ( from 42 to 50). According to our listing, over 18 projects are ready for data collection at ESRF CM01. Projects include the study of bacterial secretion systems (Bordeaux, Lyon, Paris), viruses and their infection mechanisms (Marseille), translation and its control (Bordeaux, Toulouse, Paris, Strasbourg), transcription (Strasbourg, Paris), cancer (Paris, Bordeaux, Toulouse) and macromolecular transport (Bordeaux, Lyon, Strasbourg).