CO in Protostars (COPS): Herschel spectroscopy

DOI

We present full spectral scans from 200 to 670{mu}m of 26 Class 0+I protostellar sources obtained with Herschel-SPIRE as part of the "COPS-SPIRE" Open Time program, complementary to the DIGIT and WISH Key Programs. Based on our nearly continuous, line-free spectra from 200 to 670{mu}m, the calculated bolometric luminosities (Lbol) increase by 50% on average, and the bolometric temperatures (Tbol) decrease by 10% on average, in comparison with the measurements without Herschel. Fifteen protostars have the same class using Tbol and Lbol/Lsmm. We identify rotational transitions of CO lines from J=4->3 to J=13->12, along with emission lines of ^13^CO, HCO^+^, H_2_O, and [CI]. The ratios of ^12^CO to ^13^CO indicate that ^12^CO emission remains optically thick for J_up_<13. We fit up to four components of temperature from the rotational diagram with flexible break points to separate the components. The distribution of rotational temperatures shows a primary population around 100K with a secondary population at ~350K. We quantify the correlations of each line pair found in our data set and find that the strength of the correlation of CO lines decreases as the difference between J levels between two CO lines increases. The multiple origins of CO emission previously revealed by velocity-resolved profiles are consistent with this smooth distribution if each physical component contributes to a wide range of CO lines with significant overlap in the CO ladder. We investigate the spatial extent of CO emission and find that the morphology is more centrally peaked and less bipolar at high-J lines. We find the CO emission observed with SPIRE related to outflows, which consists of two components, the entrained gas and shocked gas, as revealed by our rotational diagram analysis, as well as the studies with velocity-resolved CO emission.

Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/860/174/sources (List of sources with the observing logs and evolutionary indicators (tables 1, 2, 3 and 10))

Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/860/174/table5 (Line fitting results)

Identifier
DOI http://doi.org/10.26093/cds/vizier.18600174
Source https://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/lp/custom/CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/174
Related Identifier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/860/174
Related Identifier http://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/174
Metadata Access http://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/pmh/pubreg.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_b2find&identifier=ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/174
Provenance
Creator Yang Y.-L.; Green J.D.; Evans II N.J.; Lee J.-E.; Jorgensen J.K.,Kristensen L.E.; Mottram J.C.; Herczeg G.; Karska A.; Dionatos O.,Bergin E.A.; Bouwman J.; van Dishoeck E.F.; van Kempen T.A.; Larson R.L.,Yildiz U.A.
Publisher CDS
Publication Year 2019
Rights https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html
OpenAccess true
Contact CDS support team <cds-question(at)unistra.fr>
Representation
Resource Type Dataset; AstroObjects
Discipline Astrophysics and Astronomy; Interdisciplinary Astronomy; Interstellar medium; Natural Sciences; Observational Astronomy; Physics; Stellar Astronomy