This dataset lists and summarizes all 161 articles that we used to write a review on the effects of fire on stream ecosystems. First we characterize each article in terms of country, biome, fire regime, stream size, stream slope, land use and cover, time since fire, study design, replication, indicators measured, etc. Then, we summarize the information extracted from the articles that measured biological stream endpoints and that we used to quantify and model the responses of different biological endpoints (namely benthic invertebrates, fish, periphyton and functional indicators) to fire.