This dataset comprises data obtained during a 6 week-long exposure experiment of mussels of the family Mytilidae to two types of microplastics, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) particles and two types of natural inorganic microparticles, namely diatoms and red clay. This data was obtained from May to September 2019 in five different bioregions, which are Tasmania, Chile, Japan, Cabo Verde and Israel. We recorded body condition index, byssus thread production in 24 hours, clearance rate of the food algae and respiration rate at the end of six weeks of exposure to the four different microparticles (with an exception of the groups exposed to PVC and red clay in Tasmania, which lasted 5 weeks). Mussels were exposed to three concentrations of each particle type, which were 1.5, 15 and 150 mg/l and one group to no particles at all as control.