Data showing B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Li/Ca and Sr/Ca measured in the calcareous red alga Lithothamnion coralliodes lived-collected at different sites and depths across the Mediterranean Sea (Aegadian Islands, 40 m depth; Elba, 45 m depth; Pontian Islands, 66 m depth) and in the Atlantic Ocean (Morlaix Bay, 12 m depth). Element concentrations have been measured using an Agilent ICP-QQQ 8900 quadrupole ICP-MS coupled to an Excimer laser ablation system (193 nm wavelength), at 50 μm spots crossing the algal growth direction.