Energy systems are changing rapidly, bringing new types of risks, and new forms of potential disruption to energy supplies. Our growing dependence on energy, particularly electricity, means that more than ever we need to plan for disruptions and be prepared for them. What happens during the disruption is important: we need to understand how individuals, communities and organisations experience the event, and what measures can be taken to reduce the overall impacts. This study investigates how people and communities in the city of Glasgow (Scotland) might be expected to respond to a lengthy, widespread disruption to energy supplies. A novel three-stage diary-interview methodology was used to explore energy practices and expectations dependency, and to understand the ways in which people’s experience of disruptions may change in the coming decade. The results show that the most consistent determinant of participants’ perceived resilience, over and above socio-demographic factors, is their expectations and their degree of dependency on routine. In addition, the results suggest that common assumptions regarding people’s vulnerability may be misplaced, and are shifting rapidly as digital dependency grows, and are sometimes misplaced: in particular, determinants such as age and income should not be seen as straightforward proxies for vulnerability. A new set of ‘indicators of vulnerability’ are identified. For longer outages, people’s ability to cope will likely decrease with duration in a non-linear ‘step-change’ fashion, as interdependent infrastructures and services are affected. Community-level actions can improve resilience, and local scales may be more appropriate for identifying vulnerabilities than socio-demographic proxies, but this is only feasible if organisations and institutions are adequately resourced.Recent events have highlighted the potential impact of long, widespread energy supply interruptions, and the need for resilience is likely to create a requirement for greater flexibility from both the electricity and gas systems. This project will examine the engineering risks, and assess the need for new industry standards to drive appropriate action; and conduct a systematic assessment of the impacts of a serious energy disruption on consumers and critical services, such as heating, water, communications, health and transport.

24 diary-interviews with members of the general public (aged 18 to 85) living in the Greater Glasgow area. Three-stage diary interview method, comprising a 1-hour semi-structured interview (on Zoom), followed by a home-based diary task to be completed by the participant on two days of the week, then a 1-hour follow-up interview a week later (on Zoom). Recruitment used topic-blind random sampling, conducted by a third-party professional recruitment company. Although due to its size the sample was not intended to be representative of the population, the aim was to ensure a balance of age, ethnicity, gender, income, and location (inner city, suburbs, outskirts). Participants were offered a £70 honorarium for their time. 25 participants were recruited, with one no-show; everyone else completed all three stages. All interviews and diaries were conducted during Covid-19 restrictions on socialising, movement, and non-essential businesses and services.