Palaeo-environmental and -climatic data for core CEN-17.4. The peat core was collected during a field campaign to the Republic of Congo in March 2014 at 01.1835°N, 017.6399°E. The core was taken with a 5 cm diameter, 50 cm long Russian-type corer in 13 overlapping sections in two parallel holes to a depth of 6.29 m. The core was sampled from the Ekolongouma peatland (part of the central Congo peatlands). The Ekolongouma peatland is ~45 km wide from east to west, occupying an interfluve ~300 m above sea level. The core was extracted for palaeo-environmental and climatic analysis and includes pollen, macro-charcoal, micro-charcoal, ICP-MS, loss-on-ignition, bulk density, bulk sediment, leaf wax and C/N data.