Biomarker concentrations in gravity core MSM45_19-2

DOI

Sea ice and paleoenvironmental conditions were reconstructed based on gravity core MSM45_19-2 from the northern Labrador Shelf. Gravity core MSM45_19-2 was obtained during R/V Maria S. Merian expedition MSM45 (58°45.68'N, 61°56.25'W, water depth: 202 m) in 2015 (Schneider et al., 2016).For paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the last 9,000 years BP, biomarkers representing sea ice algae productivity (IP25), open-water phytoplankton productivity (brassicasterol, dinosterol and HBI III (Z)) and terrigenous input (campesterol) where analyzed. Aim of this study was to investigate (i) the role sea ice played before and during the final demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet between 8.7 and 8.2 kyr BP, and (ii) the effects of meltwater events on remaining sea-ice cover and primary productivity.Concentrations of specific biomarkers were analyzed. 4-5 g of each sediment sample were extracted by sonication (3 x 15 min) using dichloromethane:methanol (2:1 v/v; 30 ml) as solvent. Prior to biomarker extraction two internal standards 7-HND (7-hexylnonadecane, 20 μl/sample) and androstanol (5α-androstan-3β-ol, 20 μl/sample) were added for quantification purposes. Hydrocarbon and sterol fractions were separated by open-column chromatography with SiO2 as stationary phase. For hydrocarbons, n-hexane (5 ml) and for sterols, ethylacetate:n-hexane (2:8 v/v; 7 ml) were used as eluent. Sterol fractions were silylated using 200 μl BSTFA (2 h, 60°C).Hydrocarbon concentrations were determined with a gas chromatograph coupled to an mass selective detector. For detailed measurement settings and compound identification see Fahl and Stein (2012). All biomarker concentrations were normalized to both the extracted weight of sediment (μg/gSed) and TOC (μg/gTOC). Further, accumulation rates were calculated (μg/cm2/yr) after the following equation (e.g., Stein & Macdonal, 2004):MAR = SR x DBD (1)TOC AR = MAR x TOC/100 (2)BM AR = MAR x BM (3)with MAR = Marine Accumulation Rate, SR = sedimentation rate (cm/yr), DBD = dry buld density (g/cm3), TOC = total organic carbon, BM = biomarker concentration (μg/gSed), AR = accumulation rate. Equation (2) was also applied to calculate BSi accumulation rates.After the determination of biomarker concentrations, the PIP25 index was calculated as follows:PIP25 = IP25/(IP25 + (PM x c)) (4)with PM = phytoplankton marker (brassicasterol (PBIP25), dinosterol (PDIP25) or HBI III (Z) (PIIIIP25)) and c = balance factor. The balance factor c is the ratio of mean IP25 concentration and mean sterol concentration, counterbalancing generally higher concentrations of sterols compared to IP25. As HBI III (Z) and IP25 showed similar concentrations in the initial studies from the Barents Sea lead to the assumption that the use of the balance factor c unnecessary in the calculation of the PIIIIP25 index (Belt et al., 2015; Smik et al., 2016).

Identifier
DOI https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949065
Related Identifier IsSupplementTo https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004578
Related Identifier References https://doi.org/10.2312/cr_msm45
Related Identifier IsDocumentedBy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.020
Related Identifier IsDocumentedBy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.009
Related Identifier IsDocumentedBy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.12.007
Metadata Access https://ws.pangaea.de/oai/provider?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=datacite4&identifier=oai:pangaea.de:doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.949065
Provenance
Creator Kolling, Henriette Marie (ORCID: 0000-0003-4198-941X); Schneider, Ralph R ORCID logo; Stein, Ruediger ORCID logo; Fahl, Kirsten ORCID logo
Publisher PANGAEA
Publication Year 2022
Rights Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
OpenAccess true
Representation
Resource Type Dataset
Format text/tab-separated-values
Size 3184 data points
Discipline Earth System Research
Spatial Coverage (-61.938 LON, 58.761 LAT); Labrador Sea