High-resolution geochemical analysis of a 6-m-long sediment core from Zoñar Lake, southernSpain, provides a detailed characterisation of major changes in lake and watershed processes during the last 4,000 years. This dataset presents major, trace and earth rare elements. Major elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, Mg and K) were quantified using a Perkin Elmer model 5100 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, model 5100 ZLZEEMAN with an analytic error of 2%. Trace and REE (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Sr, Ba, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Y, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Mo, Sn, Tl, Pb, U, Th, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) following HNO3+HF digestion. Measurements were made in triplicate by spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer Sciex Elan 5000) using Re and Rh as internal standards.