The only two aborigine vascular plants that inhabit the region of maritime Antarctic are antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv. and pearlwort Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. The paucity of the vascular plant species in the maritime Antarctic made them a special object of scientific interest. The question of exclusive colonization success of only these two species is being widely discussed. Though no insight into any unique mechanisms of Antarctic vascular plants adaptations was provided. There is an assumption that exclusiveness of their distribution is provided not by specific mechanisms of adaptations, but by the means of interactions with other organisms that coevolved with the plants . Particularly, the interaction of D. antarctica with birds promotes its dissemination. The other organisms important for the plant survival can be prokaryotes that are the dominant biomass component of the Antarctic ecosystems. The aim of the study was to describe the diversity, taxonomic composition, potential functional repertoire including plant growth-promoting capacity of the microbial communities inhabiting Antarctic vascular plants rhizosphere soil on Galindez and Anvers Islands.