The goal of this study is to reveal the range of locality of the viral communities. To address this, we investigated distribution of prokaryotes and viruses in coastal surface seawater using the prokaryotic and viral community datasets with spatially high resolution. Seawater samples were taken in Osaka bay and Kii Channel, Japan. Prokaryotic and viral community were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (targeting V3-V4 region) and metagenomic sequencing, respectively.