This dataset describes six sediment cores (12 - 219 cm length) from different landscape features in a coastal permafrost thermokarst affected landscape in the Theshekpuk Lake region in Arctic Alaska. They are located in a transect from inland to coast, to describes the transitional dynamics between terrestrial and marine permafrost and thermokarst. The cores were drilled during the Perma-X Lagoon expedition in April 2022. The three unfrozen cores from a marine (MAR, 12 cm length), an intact lagoon (LAG, 31 cm length) and a thermokarst lake (TKL, 50 cm length) site, were all sampled using a Push Corer. The three frozen cores, including upland permafrost (UPL, 203 cm length), drained thermokarst lake basin (DLB, 219 cm length) and semi-drained lagoon (SDLAG, 183 cm length) deposits, were drilled using a SIPRE Corer. The sedimentological analysis included subsamples taken in intervals of 5–10 cm along the cores. Parameters included in the sedimentological analysis were water-/ice content [wt%], dry bulk density [g/cm³], and grain size [µm].