Present dataset compiles all the vascular plant taxa existing in Sierra Nevada, together with relevant features including taxonomical, morphological-ecological traits, distribution, habitats, conservation status and abundance. Data were compiled according to all the available information sources on taxonomy, ecology and plant-species distribution. The resulting dataset includes 2,348 taxa belonging to 1,937 species, 377 subspecies and 34 hybrids, and with a total of 756 genera and 146 families represented in the collection. The data were compiled according to all the available information sources on taxonomy, ecology, and plant‐species distribution. The resulting data set includes 2,348 taxa belonging to 1,937 species, 377 subspecies and 34 hybrids, from a total of 756 genera and 146 families represented in the collection. For each taxa, together with taxonomical information (Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Taxa), we compiled plant traits (life‐form, spinescence, flower symmetry, flower sexuality, plant gender, androecium:gynoecium ratio, flower color, perianth type, pollinator type, flowering, seed dispersal, vegetative reproduction), and their environmental association (origin, endemic character, general distribution, substrate, elevation, habitat, local abundance, hygrophilous behavior, conservation status).