Photometric monitoring from 2008-2018 of 11 PPNe

We have carried out a new photometric V,R_C_ study of 12 protoplanetary nebulae, objects in the short-lived transition between the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula phases of stellar evolution. These had been the subjects of an earlier study, using data from 1994-2007, that found that all 12 varied periodically, with pulsation periods in the range of ~38 to ~150 days. They are all carbon-rich, with F-G spectral types. We combined our new (2008-2018) data with publicly available All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae data and determined new periods for their variability. The older and newer period values were compared to investigate evidence of period change, for which there is theoretical support that it might be detectable in a decade or two in some cases. Such a detection is challenging since the light curves are complicated, with multiple periods, changing amplitudes, and evidence of shocks. Nevertheless, we found one, and possibly two, such cases, which are associated with the higher-temperature stars in the sample (7250 and 8000 K). These results are most consistent with the evolution of stars at the lower end of the mass range of carbon stars, ~1.5-2M_{sun}_. Several of the stars show longer-term trends of increasing (six cases) or decreasing (one case) brightness, which we think is most likely due to changes in the circumstellar dust opacity. There is one case of a possible ~1.8yr period in addition to the shorter pulsation. This is interpreted as possible evidence of an orbiting companion.

Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/939/32/table1 (*List of C-rich protoplanetary nebulae (PPNs) observed)

Identifier
Source https://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/lp/custom/CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/939/32
Related Identifier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/939/32
Related Identifier http://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/939/32
Metadata Access http://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/pmh/pubreg.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_b2find&identifier=ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/939/32
Provenance
Creator Hrivnak B.J.; Lu W.; Bakke W.C.; Grimm P.J.
Publisher CDS
Publication Year 2024
Rights https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html
OpenAccess true
Contact CDS support team <cds-question(at)unistra.fr>
Representation
Resource Type Dataset; AstroObjects
Discipline Astrophysics and Astronomy; Interstellar medium; Natural Sciences; Observational Astronomy; Physics; Stellar Astronomy