The shipboard observations were conducted over the central Pacific Ocean during March 2019, to identify bioaerosols (and their sources) and determine their spatio-temporal distribution, by combining Waveband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensors (WIBS) and DNA staining techniques.The dataset includes the time series of fluorescent aerosol particles measured by the WIBS and bioaerosols measured by the Bioplorer.The dataset also contains the time series of concentrations of ozone and carbon monoxide, number-size distributions of aerosol particles, ionic chemical species and organic carbon and elemental carbon, and the time series of number densities of biological indicators in the seawater on the sea surface.Cruise: JAMSTEC (2019) MIRAI MR18-06 Leg4, https://doi.org/10.17596/0001976