Global energetics of solar flares. IX.

DOI

A more accurate analytical solution of the vertical-current approximation nonlinear force-free field (VCA3-NLFFF) model is presented that includes, besides the radial (Br) and azimuthal (B{phi}) magnetic field components, a poloidal component (B_{theta}/=0) as well. This new analytical solution is of second-order accuracy in the divergence-freeness condition and of third-order accuracy in the force-freeness condition. We reanalyze the sample of 173 GOES M- and X-class flares observed with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The new code reproduces helically twisted loops with a low winding number below the kink instability consistently, avoiding unstable, highly twisted structures of the Gold-Hoyle flux rope type. The magnetic energies agree within E_VCA3/E_W_=0.99{+/-}0.21 with the Wiegelmann (W-NLFFF) code. The time evolution of the magnetic field reveals multiple, intermittent energy buildup and releases in most flares, contradicting both the Rosner-Vaiana model (with gradual energy storage in the corona) and the principle of timescale separation ({tau}flare<<{tau}storage) postulated in self-organized criticality models. The mean dissipated flare energy is found to amount to 7%{+/-}3% of the potential energy, or 60%{+/-}26% of the free energy, a result that can be used for predicting flare magnitudes based on the potential field of active regions.

Identifier
DOI http://doi.org/10.26093/cds/vizier.18850049
Source https://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/lp/custom/CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/885/49
Related Identifier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/885/49
Related Identifier http://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/885/49
Metadata Access http://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/pmh/pubreg.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_b2find&identifier=ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/885/49
Provenance
Creator Aschwanden M.J.
Publisher CDS
Publication Year 2021
Rights https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html
OpenAccess true
Contact CDS support team <cds-question(at)unistra.fr>
Representation
Resource Type Dataset; AstroObjects
Discipline Astrophysical Processes; Astrophysics and Astronomy; Natural Sciences; Observational Astronomy; Physics; Solar System Astronomy; Stellar Astronomy