We present radiolarian assemblages data since the late Miocene (~10-0 Ma) at Ocean Drilling Program Site 710 (4°18.7'S and 60°58.8'E; water depth, 3812 m) in the western tropical Indian Ocean for reconstructing the history of Sea Surface temperature (SST), Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), biological productivity, and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). A total of 99 sediment samples were used to characterize radiolarian assemblages in this study. The geomagnetic time scale was adopted from the Geologic Time Scale 2020 (Gradstein et al., 2020) to estimate the age of each sample. Here radiolarian percentages data and radiolarian based paleoceanographic data (SST, ITF, biological productivity, and AAIW) from Site 710 are uploaded. The SST were estimated based on extant radiolarian species using the equation of Matsuzaki et al. (2020, Geology). To monitor ITF changes, the relative abundances of five taxa (Zygocircus spp., Botryostrobus scutum, Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus, Dictyocoryne spp., and the collodaria group) were used in this study. To trace biological productivity, we used the WADE index of Lazarus et al. (2006, Marine Micropaleontology). However, note that our study modifies the original WADE index by inverting the ratio for ease of interpretation. To monitor AAIW changes, the relative abundances of Cycladophora bicornis, Lithelius haeckelispiralis, and Larcopyle weddellium were used in this study.