To reconstruct temperature records from both surface and subsurface depths in the mid-latitude North Atlantic during the early Late Pliocene, Mg/Ca ratios were measured in two species of planktonic foraminifera: Globigerinoides ruber (white) and Globorotalia hirsuta. Approximately 30 individual tests of G. ruber and 20 of G. hirsuta were selected from the 250 to 350 μm size fraction. Mg-cleaning method were used (i.e. without using reductive step). Measurements of Mg and Ca were conducted using an ICP-MS (Bruker Aurora M90) at Peking University.