This data collection was based on the synthesis of 1351 individual dating sediment cores published between 1977 and 2020. This database provides the locations where 137Cs fallout events were detected. These included the thermonuclear bomb testing peak in 1963, the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the Fukushima accident in 2011, and 25 additional events that led to local radioactive releases. When Lead-210 in excesses (210Pbxs) records were used along with Caesium-137 (137Cs) data, detailed information on the 210Pbxs surface activities and age depth model were also synthesized. Multiple information including the core collection method, sediment properties, radionuclide measurement techniques, sedimentation rates and catchment characteristics were also compiled.