Lapsesta aikuiseksi: 8-vuotiaiden opettaja-arviointi, toveriarviointi ja persoonallisuustestit 1968

DOI

Aineisto on ensimmäinen osa Lapsesta aikuiseksi -tutkimusta, joka on jatkunut samojen henkilöiden seurantana yli 30 vuotta. Ensimmäisessä tutkimusvaiheessa kansakoulun toisen luokan oppilailta kerättiin tietoa toveri- ja opettaja-arvioinnein sekä kahdella persoonallisuuskyselyllä. Toveriarviointi toteutettiin tutkijajohtoisesti luokkahuonetilanteessa. Oppilaat vastasivat kysymyksiin kuten "Ketkä luokkatovereistasi ovat rauhallisia ja kärsivällisiä?" ja "Ketkä yrittävät pelleilemällä saada toisten huomion osakseen?". Oppilaita pyydettiin valitsemaan noin 3-5 luokkatoveria, joihin kyseinen ominaisuus sopii. Kysymyksiä oli yhteensä 33 ja ne ilmensivät esimerkiksi seuraavia ominaisuuksia; itsehallinta, aggressiivisuus, ahdistuneisuus, passiivisuus, mukautuvaisuus, konstruktiivisuus ja aktiivisuus. Toveriarvioinnista tehtiin faktorianalyysi, jonka perusteella oppilaista muodostettiin 6 ääriryhmää; aggressiiviset, ahdistuneet, aggressiivis-ahdistuneet, kontrolloivat ekstravertit (konstruktiiviset), vakaat ja vakaat introvertit (mukautuvat). Luokituksia käytettiin, kun tehtiin harkitut otokset poikien aggressiivisuustestauksiin 8- ja 9-vuotiaina sekä myöhemmin 14-vuotiaiden haastatteluun. Aineistossa on mukana ääriryhmäluokitukset 8- ja 14-vuotiaiden osalta. Samat, toveriarvioinnissa olevat kysymykset esitettiin myös lasten opettajille. Lisäksi opettajilta pyydettiin arviota tutkittavien lasten epäsosiaalisesta käyttäytymisestä, liiallisesta vetäytymisestä, keskittymiskyvystä, myönteisestä kehitysennusteesta ja koulumenestyksestä, joiden havannointiin opettajat saivat käyttää aikaa kaksi viikkoa. Opettajat arvioivat jokaista oppilasta sen mukaan, miten ominaista kyseinen käyttäytyminen oppilaalle on. Tyttöjen käyttäytymistä verrattiin muiden samanikäisten tyttöjen ja poikien muiden poikien käyttäytymiseen. Lapset täyttivät kaksi suomen kielelle käännettyä persoonallisuuskyselyä: the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (Eysenck, 1965) ja Personality Inventory for the Lower Forms of Primary School (mukaeltu Cattell & Coan, 1959, mukaan). Persoonallisuustesteistä ei ole saatavilla yksittäisten osioiden arvoja, vaan eri ominaisuuksia mittaavien osioiden summamuuttujat. Ensimmäisen testin summamuuttujat on muodostettu neuroottisuutta (31 osiota) sekä sosiaalista (20) ja impulsiivista (26) ulospäinsuuntautuneisuutta mittaavista osioista. Mukana on lisäksi valheasteikko (17 osiota). Jälkimmäiseen, Cattel & Coanin testiin kuuluu 12 skaalaa; maskuliinisuus vs. feminiinisyys, huolestuneisuus, pelokkuus, suhtautuminen kouluun, dominoivuus vs. alistuminen, itseluottamus vs. alemmuuden tunteet, altruismi, egoismi, emotionaalisuus, rauhattomuus, sensitiivisyys, yhteistyökykyisyys ja riippuvaisuus. Jokainen skaala on muodostettu yhdeksästä osiosta. Taustamuuttujia ovat vastaajan sukupuoli, luokka ja koulun sijainti (esikaupunkialue tai keskusta).

The data are the first part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS), in which the same individuals have been followed over 30 years. The first round of data collection surveyed 8-year-old children through peer nominations, teacher ratings, and two personality tests. The peer nominations were made in classroom settings under the supervision of the researchers. The pupils answered various questions, such as "Which of your classmates are tranquil and patient?" and "Which of your classmates try to get other's attention by fooling around?". The pupils were asked to choose about 3-5 classmates fitting the description for each question. There were altogether 33 questions characterising the following traits: self control, aggressiveness, anxiety, passivity, compliance, constructiveness, and activity. The peer nominations were factor analysed, and on the basis of the results, the pupils were classified into 6 extreme groups: the aggressive, the anxious, the aggressive and anxious, the controller extroverts (the constructive), the stable, and the stable introverts (the compliant). This classification was used in designing the judgment sample for the 8-9 year old boys' aggressiveness tests, and later in the 14-year-olds' interviews. The data include the extreme group classifications for 8 and 14-year-olds. The teachers were also presented with the same set of questions. In addition, they were asked to assess the pupils' anti-social behaviour, excessive withdrawal, ability to concentrate, positive developmental predictions, and school success. The teachers evaluated each pupil according to how characteristic of him/her the aforementioned types of behaviour were. The girls' behaviour was compared with other girls of same age, and the boys' behaviour with other boys. The children completed two personality questionnaires translated into Finnish: the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (Eysenck, 1965), and Personality Inventory for the Lower Forms of Primary School (adapted from Cattell & Coan, 1959). The values for the individual sections of the tests are not available, only the sum variables from the sections measuring different characteristics. The sum variables of the first test comprise the sections measuring neuroticism (31 sections), and social (20) and impulsive (26) extrovertness. In addition, there is a lie scale (17 sections). The second test (Cattel & Coan) includes 12 scales; masculinity vs. femininity, anxiety, timidity, attitude towards school, dominance vs. submissiveness, self-confidence vs. feelings of inferiority, altruism, egoism, emotionality, restlessness, sensitivity, cooperativeness, and reliance. Each scale consists of nine sections. Background variables included the respondent's gender, class, and the location of the school (suburbs or city centre).

Todennäköisyysotanta: ositettu ryväsotantaProbability.Cluster.StratifiedRandom

Probability: Cluster: Stratified randomProbability.Cluster.StratifiedRandom

Kasvokkainen haastatteluInterview.FaceToFace

Itsetäytettävä lomake: paperinen lomakeSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper

Face-to-face interviewInterview.FaceToFace

Self-administered questionnaire: PaperSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper

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Metadata Access https://datacatalogue.cessda.eu/oai-pmh/v0/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_ddi25&identifier=f6ce892ff921afbf2bc6c8ca5ad6e4d8973da13fcdc1168fe98caa1b27392323
Provenance
Creator Pulkkinen, Lea 0000-0002-4290-6690
Publisher Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto; Finnish Social Science Data Archive
Publication Year 2007
Rights Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto; Finnish Social Science Data Archive; Tietoarkiston ja aineiston luovuttajan tekemän sopimuksen mukaisesti.; In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.; Aineisto on käytettävissä (D) vain luovuttajan luvalla.; The dataset is (D) available only by permission from the data depositor/creator.
OpenAccess true
Contact https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/
Representation
Resource Type Kvantitatiivinen; Quantitative
Discipline Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Aquaculture; Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine; Life Sciences; Psychology; Social Sciences; Social and Behavioural Sciences; Soil Sciences
Spatial Coverage Suomi; Jyväskylä; Finland; Jyväskylä; Suomi; Finland