The dataset contains sequential oxygen isotope records (δ18Ophosphate vs. VSMOW) of horse tooth enamel phosphate of six individuals from two adjacent Upper Palaeolithic sites in Lower Austria. Three molars from the site Krems-Wachtberg date to 33–31 ka cal BP, and three molars from Kammern-Grubgraben date to 24–20 ka cal BP. All teeth show seasonal isotope variations in the measured data as well as in the inverse modelled data, which were used to estimate seasonal palaeotemperatures for both sites.

Oxygen stable isotope results. Given are the measured δ18O (δ18Ounmodelled) values with the respective standard deviation ( ± SD), and the δ18O modelled values (δ18Omodelled) with the upper (upper.CI) and lower boundary (lower.CI) of the confidence interval set at 95%. Total length refers to the model total length.