This dataset contains 35 individuals of Indigenous, European, and colonial ceramics recovered from Panamá Viejo (Panamá). This town was founded on August 15, 1519, by Pedro Arias Dávila after abandoning the previous foundation of Santa María la Antigua del Darién (Colombia). It was officially promoted to city status in 1521. The city was destroyed and abandoned in 1670 after Henry Morgan's attack. This first ceramic set includes criolla ceramics (PVC031 to 040), transport jars (PVJ061 to 065), red-paste transport jars (PVR001 to 005), glazed coarse wares (PVV001 to 005) and Indigenous pre-Colombian ceramics (PVP031 to 040). The excavation contexts for these ceramics are Casas Terrín (PVC031 to 034, PVJ061 to 065, PVR001 to 005, PVV001 to 005), Convento Monjas de la Concepción (PVC035 to 040), Parque Morelos (PVP031 to 035) and Plaza Mayor (PVP036 to 040).