Campylobacter is the primary cause of bacterial diarrhea in the United</p><p>States and can lead to the development of the postinfectious autoimmune neuropathy</p><p>known as Guillain-Barre syndrome. Also, drug-resistant campylobacters are becoming</p><p>a serious concern both locally and abroad. In low- and middle-income countries</p><p>(LMICs), infection with Campylobacter is linked to high rates of morbidity,</p><p>growth stunting, and mortality in children, and breastfeeding is important for infant</p><p>nutrition, development, and protection against infectious diseases. In this study, we</p><p>examined the relationship between breastfeeding and Campylobacter infection and</p><p>demonstrate the increased selection for C. jejuni and C. coli strains unable to metabolize</p><p>fucose. We also identify a new Campylobacter species coinfecting these infants</p><p>with a high prevalence in five of the seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and</p><p>South Asia examined. These findings indicate that more detailed studies are needed</p><p>in LMICs to understand the Campylobacter infection process in order to devise a</p><p>strategy for eliminating this pathogenic microbe.