Stable isotope ratios in ice were analyzed in the stable isotope laboratory of the Geography Faculty at Lomonosov Moscow State University using a Finnigan Delta-V Plus mass spectrometer supplied by Gas-Bench.International water standards (SMOW, GRESP, and SLAP) were used for normalization by a multipoint regression line. Analytical precision was ±0.4‰ for δ18O and ±1‰ for δ2H values. Deuterium excess (dexc) was calculated as dexc = δ2H - 8δ18O [Dansgaard, 1964; doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00181.x].