“Home versus away” estimation of local adaptation at the end of the experiment (growth rate at 35°C of individuals from experimental populations at 35°C that received immigrants minus the growth rate of these individuals transferred in a 23°C patch). Gene_flow_treatment = types of gene flow, with or without habitat choice. Gene_flow_level = level of dispersal toward the focal population (10% or 30% of the local population' initial carrying capacity). Local_adaptation_HvsA = growth rate at 35°C of individuals from experimental populations at 35°C that received immigrants minus the growth rate of these individuals transferred in a 23°C patch.