We investigated the spatio-temporal trajectories of mountain agro-ecosystems by studying five lakes located between 880 and 2440 m a.s.l. in the north-western Alps. More specifically, we were interested in past interactions between agropastoral activities, plant community composition and erosion dynamics. To investigate this question, we relied on a multi-proxy dataset of lake sediment analyses. The selected proxies come mainly from plant and mammal sedimentary DNA analyses, but also from pollen and spore analyses of coprophilous fungi (Sporormiella sp.). The originality of this dataset is the creation of an index of (agro-)pastoral activity intensity valid for each lake catchment. This index showed a pattern of development of (agro-)pastoral activities according to altitude in this Alpine region. This index was then used to analyse the impact of (agro)pastoral activities on erosion dynamics and plant cover.