The acceptability of innovative medical strategies among healthcare providers and patients affects their uptake in daily clinical practice. To explore experiences of healthcare providers and patients with culturebased antibiotic prophylaxis in transrectal prostate biopsy with three swabscreening scenarios: self-sampling at home, self-sampling in the hospital and sampling by a healthcare provider. We performed focus group interviews with urologists and medical microbiologists from 11 hospitals and six connected clinical microbiological laboratories. We used Flottorp's comprehensive checklist for identifying determinants of practice to guide data collection and analysis. The experiences of 10 laboratory technicians from five laboratories and 452 patients from nine hospitals were assessed using a questionnaire. The database contains the results of the questionnaires sent to patients and the experiences of laboratory technicians.