Results from Underwater Vision Profiler 5hd measurements from campaign ARCTIC2018 (Transdrift XXIV). Depth profiles for optical particle quantification (>~0.1 mm) and particle image acquisition (>~0.8 mm) were performed in August and September 2018 in the Laptev and East Sibirian Sea as well as the Nansen and Amundsen Basin onboard RV Akademik Tryoshnikov.This dataset describes the particle quantification as concentrations (particle number per L) as well as volumes (particle volume per L) of pre-defined and binned size classes, calculated using Zooprocess (Gorsky et al. 2010; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp124) and Ecotaxa (Picheral, M., Colin, S. & Irisson, J.-O. (2017): EcoTaxa, a tool for the taxonomic classification of images. http://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr.).