This dissertation is the result of an Mphil study at Leiden University, the Netherlands. This study researches the irrigation systems in the ancient region of Gadara (modern day Umm Qays) in the north of Jordan. Knowledge of the region is derived form extensive archaeological remains and historical records. Judging by the present day water resources, agricultural soil quality and pastureland, the region of Gadara probably also had good agricultural potential during the Hellenistic, Roman an Byzantine periods (300 BC - AD 636). This view is supported by ancient remains of water channels and installations, which can be found in the landscape. Studying the irrigation systems in their archaeological, modern economic and social contexts, will enable a better understanding of the associated ancient societies.