During the 2014 BICOSE cruise of RV Pourquoi Pas ? (Cambon-Bonavita 2014, https://doi.org/10.17600/14000100), alvinocaridid shrimps were sampled at two deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields: Snake Pit and TAG (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Size, sex, developmental stage and brooding status of 3345 samples belonging to Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris chacei were determined. Reproductive characteristics including fecundity, egg developmental stage and egg size were analysed in 125 brooding females from the dataset. Samples were preserved in ethanol or in formalin (followed by water washing and storage in ethanol) on board, then brought back to the laboratory for processing. They were analysed at the LEP (Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, France; https://wwz.ifremer.fr/deep_eng/). Results of the analysis of the dataset are available on BioRxiv : https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.27.450066, and have been submitted to Deep-Sea Research I. The dataset consists of two files: one containing the data itself, and one describing all used terms (measurements or metadata).