The data file contains measured environmental concentrations of organic micropollutants in European streams and additional hydrological parameters (stream order, urban discharge fraction) of the investigated sites.A total of 445 surface water samples were collected during various sampling campaigns between 2016 and 2019. Chemical target screening of 610 compounds by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) resulted in 504 detected compounds. The measured environmental concentrations of the detected compounds ranged from 1 ng/L to 74 µg/L (3-cyclohexyl-1,1-dimethylurea). Detection frequencies ranged from one site (0.2 %) to 339 sites (76 %).More information can be found in Finckh and Carmona et al. (2024) DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108371. The main objective of this study was to quantify and characterise chemical footprints in European streams.