Low meaning in life has been proposed as an important factor in the maintenance of eating disorders and previous findings suggest that targeting meaning might optimize treatment effectiveness. The current randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of meaning-centered psychotherapy for eating disorders (MCP-ED) to improve meaning in women at risk of developing an eating disorder. Findings support the efficacy of MCP-ED as an intervention to increase meaning and point to the relevance of examining whether adding MCP-ED to regular treatment might increase treatment effectiveness in individuals with eating disorders.